The Mechanical Effects of Recycled Steel Fiber on Concrete

The reason of this sharply decrease of slump value is, balling effect of the fibers and one of the main causes of the balling effect in fresh concrete was found to be inconsistent recycled steel fiber size and shape [].3.2 Compressive Strength Results. The results of the compressive strength tests performed on the produced specimens are given in Fig. 3.

Microscopic Analysis of Steel Corrosion Products in …

Due to the large amount of chloride adhering to the aggregate surface of seawater and sea-sand concrete, the steel reinforcement in ... X-ray diffraction spectra of powder samples of the inner rust layer and the outer rust layer of carbon steel rust products in the two concretes are shown ... Due to the large amount of chloride ions present in ...

sbm/sbm amount of sand and steel in concretes price.md …

Contribute to sbm2023/sbm development by creating an account on GitHub.

Effects of Seawater and Sea-Sand on Concrete …

The discussions presented in this report have clearly indicated that sea-sand and seawater structures are most attractive in marine/coastal construction, where steel corrosion is a major concern and access to river sand and freshwater is …

Mechanical performance of steel and iron slag …

Concrete has the lowest embodied energy among all the building materials and is the most extensively used material for meeting the high global demand for infrastructure.

Evaluation on steel corrosion risk of seawater sea sand …

Seawater typically contains approximately 20,000 mg/l of chloride, and sea sand has around 0.082% chloride content by mass, posing a substantial threat to steel corrosion in concrete structures [10].There are some researchers [11] who try to use corrosion inhibitor to protect steel rebar from corrosion in marine environment. In addition, other researchers [12] …

Sand and Steel: The D-Day Invasion and the Liberation of France

Peter Caddick-Adams's account of the Allied invasion of France in June 1944 matches the monumental achievement of his book on the Battle of the Bulge, Snow and Steel, which Richard Overy has called the "standard history of this climactic confrontation in the West." Sand and Steel gives us D-Day, arguably the greatest and most consequential military …

Effects of Seawater on Setting Time and Compressive …

Available online at Civil Engineering Journal (E-ISSN: 2476-3055; ISSN: 2676-6957) Vol. 7, No. 05, May, 2021 857 Effects of Seawater on Setting Time and Compressive Strength

How Much Sand and Gravel Should Be in a Yard of Concrete?

Calculating the exact amount of sand and gravel in one yard of concrete is crucial to avoid over or undermixing, which can lead to structural problems. You need to have a clear understanding of …

The effects of volume fraction and aspect ratio of steel …

lower compressive strength compared to normal concretes. Steel fibers are used to improve the mechanical and ... based crushed sand with a diameter of 0-4 mm and pumice aggregates with diameters of 0-4 mm, 4-8 mm and 8-16 mm ... based on the steel fiber aspect ratio and the amount used. For example, a concrete with the coding S80V15 represents ...

Mechanical Properties of Ultra-High Performance Concrete …

All concretes in this work used recycled sand, RS, except for two reference concretes which used natural crushed sand, NS, in an effort to save on the consumption of natural resources. At the same time, relatively low amount of OPC (818–842 kg/m 3 ) was used for the mixes with RS while the OPC amount was a little higher for the reference ...

Effect of freezing–thawing cycles and high temperatures on concretes …

This study examines the effects of local industrial by-products, such as iron slag and steel slag, as partial replacements of fine grain at 10%, 15%, and 25%, individually and combined. The research evaluates the impact on mechanical resistance under freeze–thaw cycles and high temperatures. Additionally, the study explores the effects of incorporating 0.3% …

Environmental impact and life cycle assessment (LCA) of …

The amount of CO 2 released during the production and subsequent transport of concrete–sand was found to be 13.9 kg CO 2 equivalents/tonne. The production process included the strip-mining of raw sand by excavators, the subsequent loading into haulers, the washing into a pumpable slurry, the piping to the grading plant and the filtering into ...

Combined effect of supplementary cementitious materials …

The chloride threshold is the minimum amount of chlorides necessary to depassivate these reinforcements. This threshold content depends ... Medium river sand and crushed granite gravel were used as aggregates. ... thus, for a more realistic performance comparison among the different concretes. Each concrete-steel condition had 3 samples (6 ...

Investigation on Compressive Characteristics of Steel-Slag …

2.1. Materials and Specimen Preparation. In the previous studies [25,26], the authors investigated the compositions of steel-slag concretes in a wide range of partial materials to achieve the best workability and mechanical strengths, and these properties were then compared with those of traditional concretes using natural aggregate.Based on the initial …

Enhancing concrete properties with steel waste: a

This critical review systematically explores the innovative utilization of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), steel slag (SS), and other steel waste in concrete, addressing a crucial research gap in predicting concrete properties with these materials. By analyzing 97 publications, this review offers a comprehensive understanding of how these …

Evaluation of the long-term performance of high …

To address these concerning problems, it is worth exploring and promoting sustainable alternatives such as sea sand, and crush sand concretes. Furthermore, industrial by-products like fly ash (FA), GGBFS, and silica fume ... NWS-C exhibited the largest amount of rusted steel and several cracks, especially at the bottom of concrete samples ...

How to calculate Cement, sand and metal in …

The mix ratio specifies the amount of cement, sand, and metal that needs to be mixed to obtain the desired strength and workability of the concrete. The most common mix ratio used for making concrete is 1:2:3, which means …

Bond-slip behaviour between recycled sand concrete and steel …

The water-binder ratios for C40 and C60 concretes were 0.36 and 0.32, respectively. 3.3. ... Recycled sand concrete will experience a small amount of slip during the initial loading stage, but most specimens maintain a linear growth in bond stress and slip until the ultimate bond strength, with little evidence of the nonlinear ascending phase ...

Amount of sand and steel effect on the strength of concrete

Description: Concrete blocks were prepared with different amounts of sand and steel steel bars; after drying, the number of hits before a large crack appears in the top of the concrete block …

Development of self-compacting high and ultra high …

A small amount of steel fibres (0.5% by volume of 30 mm long Z560 Dramix fibres with crimped ends) was added to the above SCHPC mix without altering any other mix proportions to examine whether it will still satisfy the flow-ability criterion. The fibres, which are supplied by the manufacturer as small flat packs containing more than 40 fibres ...

Mechanical and fracture characteristics of ultra-high …

Therefore, producing cost-effective and workable UHPC necessitates a low amount of fiber that can be accomplished by the hybrid use [9, 15, 16]. Concept of a ... 9.92, and 8.65%, respectively, when compared to the reference mixture. Greater elastic moduli of the concretes reinforced with steel fibers (micro and hooked) results from orientation ...

Concrete Calculator

This is a free online tool by EverydayCalculation to calculate material consumption for a concrete structure i.e., quantity of cement, sand, stone gravel required in different concrete ratios.

EFFECT OF USING STEEL SLAG AGGREGATE ON …

concrete consists of sand as fine aggregate and gravel, limestone or granite in various sizes and shapes as coarse aggregate. There is a growing interest in using waste ... Oxide (MgO) as well as a small amount of Sulfur (S) while steel making slag contains iron oxide (FeO) (Hansen, 1966).

A review of recent advances in the science and …

Roman concretes and could help create more durable modern concretes. When comparing ancient and modern concretes, apart from the use of cement, another major difference is the use of steel reinforcement. Naturally, a major concern with the use of chloride-rich seawater in modern concrete is the potential for steel corrosion. The concentration

Use of Iron and Steel Slags in Concrete: State of the Art …

In the two last decades, world production of pig iron and steel has undergone a significant increase. In 2018, 1252.87 and 1806.46 million tons of pig iron and steel, respectively, were produced as compared to the 575.78 and 809.94 million tons of 2000. Consequently, the amount of the different types of slags deriving from these production processes has also …

Recycling of scale and steel chips waste as a partial …

In this research study, concretes were made with steel chips scale (ScC) and (SchC) as substitution for raw sand. Sand was replaced by these waste in different proportions (25%, 50%, 75%, and ) by weight of sand. ... the compressive strength is improved when steel slag is used for low sand replacement ratios (up to 30%). When optimum values ...

Mechanical Properties of Recycled Aggregate Concretes …

The addition of SF led to a slight improvement in the peak strain of the steel fibre-reinforced recycled aggregate concretes; however, this amount was not very insignificant. 3.3. Modelling of Stress-Strain Behaviour of Recycled Aggregates Concretes Containing Steel Fibre and Combination of Steel Fibre and SF

The implementation of scale and steel chips waste as a …

This paper reports the findings of an investigation undertaken on concretes made using scale and steel chips waste from the iron and steel industries as a substitute for sand. The percentage of natural sand replaced with scale and steel chips waste varied from 25% to in terms of weight of sand.

Mechanical properties and microscopic …

As the results shown in Table 3; Figure 4, For the use of coal gangue coarse aggregate, the cube compressive strength increased with CGL replacement level initially, reached a maximum at 30% CGL, below decreasing with further …

A Research on the Effect of Partial Replacement of Sand by …

The durability performance of both steel slag and crushed limestone aggregate concretes was evaluated by assessing water permeability, pulse velocity, dimensional stability and reinforcement ...